What are the main features of a bipolar world Illustrate your answer Essay

What are the primary highlights of a bipolar world Illustrate your answer with models - Essay Example The bipolarity as clarified above was a period where US, her partners, the USSR, and her partners held extraordinary perspectives in all way of sense; from political to financial issues. The period was additionally portrayed with doubt and purposeful publicity, the doubt that USSR or United States were creating weapons of mass devastation. It must be noticed that there were no proper affirmation of this claim rather a condition of being uncertain given that both USSR and the US developed as the World super force and had Veto controls in the UN board (Hunt, 147). It very well may be accepted that the war bipolarity was required by the way that both USSR and US rose as super powers and were presenting huge danger to one another, the main way they could manage the circumstance was holding opposite view. It emphasizes our conviction that path on the grounds that regardless, the two nations were in a similar front from the start from 1914-45. Despite the fact that in the bipolar world there were no immediate military showdowns, a large portion of the student of history have suggested that it tends to be named as the world war III. This is on the grounds that the two contradicting gatherings, USSR, and U.S were associated with aberrant wars by supporting their intermediaries with military and financial guides. The circumstances were glaring in the instances of Korean and the Vietnam. The Cuban rocket emergency was likewise an indication of the intermediary contribution of the two opposing sides in 1962. A portion of the components that prompted the bipolarity were; The Soviet were in a distraught race to spread socialism belief system on the planet as an issue of having no choice to even the minority nations, this was against the American position that was pivoted more on majority rules system. The American obtaining of the all-deadly nuclear bomb made USSR eager thinking about that they were likewise super powers. In as much as the two nations rose super powers in the finished up universal wars, they had

Composition in the Humanities, How has humanitys use of the Written Research Paper

Arrangement in the Humanities, How has humanitys utilization of the Written Word Evolved Over Time - Research Paper Example As they thrived because of abundant food and water they had a developing inclination to utilize surpluses to construct amazing and complex urban areas for exchange and rising ventures. It is felt that these intricate city social orders imagined writing so as to assist them with monitoring their merchandise and property, and of their business bargains. The Sumerians took the material that was generally copious around there, and one that they used to make the blocks that fabricated their homes: the mud from the delta. Another copious item was the reeds which developed by the water and these were honed with the goal that they could be utilized to make little stamps in the dirt. The particular wedge molded arrangement of the reed stem is the thing that gave its name to this most punctual type of composing: cuneiform. The earth tablets that cuneiform was composed on were exceptionally modest to create. They could likewise be left to solidify in the sun, or in a stove, with the goal that t hey turned out to be increasingly lasting records, and they demonstrated extremely well known along these lines. The arrangement of composing relied upon small images being utilized to speak to things in reality. These early images were called â€Å"pictograms† on the grounds that they were little pictures that reviewed the sounds or states of things on the planet. (Harry Ransom Center Website). Archeologists have discovered immense libraries of these cuneiform tablets, containing laws, writing, and colossal quantities of records and business records. One of the weaknesses of mud are that it is fragile and obligated to splitting and breaking, which makes it an unsafe mechanism for lasting records. The Egyptians tackled this issue via cutting their most significant composing onto perpetual stone landmarks. Their composing is called â€Å"hieroglyphics† which implies â€Å"scared carving† (Harry Ransom Center Website) and it had substantially more intricate pictog rams which look like winged animals, creatures and articles which are conspicuous even today. Stone is amazingly overwhelming, and it sets aside an extremely long effort to cut, thus the Egyptians likewise searched for lighter, less expensive and progressively adaptable approaches to record ordinary things. They utilized a sort of mortar on dividers, and painted onto that with shaded colors, and they likewise created papyrus, which is a kind of prepared reed that could be made up into a light and adaptable surface. The structure of the parchment, which permits the papyrus to be folded up into a cylinder, made transportation and capacity a lot simpler. Contingent upon the reason for the composition, Egyptian recorders utilized three unique contents: â€Å"there is one, the most formal, for strict archives; one for writing and authority reports; and one for private letters.† (Historyworld site) In different pieces of the world, for example, focal and northern Europe, America an d China there were distinctive geological conditions. Social orders here built up their own strategies for composing utilizing neighborhood materials. Original copies of the best quality were delivered in the old time frame and directly through the medieval times utilizing the scratched skins of creatures, called material or vellum (University of Michigan Library site). Contents, for example, Latin and Greek moved away from pictograms and into a framework utilizing an adapted letter set dependent on sounds, which could be composed rapidly. Germanic clans lived in regions with gigantic backwoods, thus they picked a straightforward content dependent on straight lines that could be cut on wood. In China rice paper was imagined for painting and composing. These frameworks could be composed left to right, option to left, and in a

Everyones an original, find a way for it to show!

Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! When writing an essay, there are certain rules, and, it is believed in academic circles that they should be observed in order to achieve success. One of the principal rules is to produce original, individualised, and especially non-plagiarized work. Very often an essay is based on a critique or analysis of the existing published works and ideas and used for the purpose of building or strengthening own arguments or position. However, this just means that ideas are simply copied or given a different spin. Creating an original and unique work obviously requires more effort. One approach is to avoid broad and generalized topics and focus on narrow, more specific subjects which can be defined after completing preliminary research to get an idea about what has already been written on the topic, and avoid reiterating the findings. The reasons for this lies in the simple fact that whoever reads the work can distinguish it from a number of others who also tackle the same subject, and gives them a reason for wanting to read it through, and possibly to learn something from it, or, at least, challenge their previous notions. At a recent Conference on Plagiarism in Prague, it has been discussed that the originality of the final work is generally based on individual ability to explain the topic and construct distinctive arguments, without being influenced by the prevailing literature, and especially repurposing it. In an original work, the writer relies less on paraphrasing of previously published ideas, and in particular, minimally relying on the use of direct quotations. Being original in using own words, and especially proposing new ideas or fresh angles of looking at the issue is what truly makes the work stand out. However, still using some background material proves that the work is factual and that it respects the previously completed research, so attention should be paid on using a sufficient number of sources. At Homework Help Canada we strictly condone plagiarism and Finally, if the work is copacetic, the arguments will have been proven and they will have reinforced the thesis. Experts at Homework Help Canada strive to complete all your academic or business-related needs in an excellent order and help you with the submission of an original work that will be distinguished from the rest. Our writers conduct thorough research that they base their facts on, however they love to write from scratch and form their own arguments. Their creativity and resourcefulness knows no bounds! References: Plagiarism Across Europe and Beyond 2015: Conference Proceedings. Mendel University in Brno. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from proceedings_15.pdf Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! Everyones an original, find a way for it to show! When writing an essay, there are certain rules, and, it is believed in academic circles that they should be observed in order to achieve success. One of the principal rules is to produce original, individualised, and especially non-plagiarized work. Very often an essay is based on a critique or analysis of the existing published works and ideas and used for the purpose of building or strengthening own arguments or position. However, this just means that ideas are simply copied or given a different spin. Creating an original and unique work obviously requires more effort. One approach is to avoid broad and generalized topics and focus on narrow, more specific subjects which can be defined after completing preliminary research to get an idea about what has already been written on the topic, and avoid reiterating the findings. The reasons for this lies in the simple fact that whoever reads the work can distinguish it from a number of others who also tackle the same subject, and gives them a reason for wanting to read it through, and possibly to learn something from it, or, at least, challenge their previous notions. At a recent Conference on Plagiarism in Prague, it has been discussed that the originality of the final work is generally based on individual ability to explain the topic and construct distinctive arguments, without being influenced by the prevailing literature, and especially repurposing it. In an original work, the writer relies less on paraphrasing of previously published ideas, and in particular, minimally relying on the use of direct quotations. Being original in using own words, and especially proposing new ideas or fresh angles of looking at the issue is what truly makes the work stand out. However, still using some background material proves that the work is factual and that it respects the previously completed research, so attention should be paid on using a sufficient number of sources. At Homework Help USA we strictly condone plagiarism and Finally, if the work is copacetic, the arguments will have been proven and they will have reinforced the thesis. Experts at Homework Help USA strive to complete all your academic or business-related needs in an excellent order and help you with the submission of an original work that will be distinguished from the rest. Our writers conduct thorough research that they base their facts on, however they love to write from scratch and form their own arguments. Their creativity and resourcefulness knows no bounds! References: Plagiarism Across Europe and Beyond 2015: Conference Proceedings. Mendel University in Brno. Retrieved August 23, 2015 from proceedings_15.pdf

The Internet vs. the Television Which Is the Primary...

The Internet vs. The Television: Which is the Primary Source of Media Entertainment? Submitted by Anna Bettina Bautista Mico Cortez John Nathaniel Laxamana Erlaine Vanessa Lumanog Niko Lorenzo Peralta Daryll Santillan March 28, 2008 Introduction In the year 1953, the television was introduced to the Philippines. The primary broadcasting network then was ABS-CBN (which was formerly known as Bolinao), pioneering color television service, programs and films. Programs being telecast at the time were mostly borrowed films from the foreign embassies, imported cowboy movies and actual coverage of a variety of events (Anastacio, 2000). The internet on the other hand was brought to the Philippines in March 1994 by the Philippine Network†¦show more content†¦At this point, cable companies must evolve to home media portals, broadcasters and publishers must race toward new media formats. Marketers are now being coerced to experiment and make advertising more compelling or else risk being ignored (IBM). One significant finding that their study was able to come up with was that in lieu of entertainment, there has been an immense preferential shift from television viewing to internet surfing, with the users practically using both media with the same purpose. Hence, similar studies were conducted in order to prove this kind of development. Thus, the research question will weigh which form of media is more preferred by the youth as their source of entertainment. It will highlight the nature of both media – the television as the key provider of basic forms of entertainment and the internet as a more dynamic a nd digital system that allow for convergence in technology: broadcasting, cable, telecommunication and computer services, and the fusion of entertainment sources (Tuazon, 2002). Theoretical Conceptual Framework To undertake the exploration of the competition between the television and the internet, this paper will use Dimmick and Rothenbuhler’s (1994) Theory of the Niche to explain how media technologies interact in the multi-dimensional resourceShow MoreRelatedWith The Growing Popularity Of The Internet And Social1853 Words   |  8 Pagespopularity of the internet and social media sites, it is important to question how these sites are influenced by the political economy of mainstream media. This essay will explore the political economy of mainstream media compared with the internet, through the use of the propaganda model. It will also address how the political economy of mainstream media is still a pressing concern. This essay will also explore how the political economy of mainstream media affects the internet and social media sites. TheRead MoreWalt Disney: Swot, Pestel and Porter Analysis Essay3375 Words   |  14 Pagesmarket segmentation 10 Threats 10 Economic conditions 10 Winnie the Pooh trial 10 Stakeholder analysis 11 Conclusion 12 references 13 Appendix i – Portfolio vs core competence perspectives 14 Introduction Walt Disney is a developer, producer and worldwide distributor of feature films and television programs, cable network programming and character-based merchandise. Besides, its theme parks are the most popular in the world. The current forces in the market create certainRead MoreThe Medias Influence on Public Opinion2435 Words   |  10 Pagesformulated attitudes about politics, so where do they come from? The answer is political socialization, which is the way in which people learn about politics . There are a number of elements or agents involved in creating our political awareness, but this paper will focus on the mass media ¡Ã‚ ¯s role (particularly forms of news media) in constructing political reality in Western society. One way that the media shapes our political reality is by mixing facts with opinions and in doing so manipulates messagesRead MoreSocial Media Influence On Political Participation Essay1839 Words   |  8 Pagestwenty first century, media is essentially everywhere and takes on various forms such as television networks, radio, newspapers, and most recently social networking sites (twitter, facebook, etc.) In today’s times, it is highly unlikely to see candidates or nearly anything political not being covered by at least one of the primary media outlets. With the diffusion of social network sites, such as Facebook and MySpace, social media have become one of the most popular Internet services in the worldRead MoreElectronic Media vs Print (Thesis Paper)13276 Words   |  54 PagesElectronic Media VS. Print Where America Gets Its News Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦4 Premise Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Personal Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦5 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Section 1: Birth of Electronic Media and its Popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Radio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 Humble Beginnings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......6 From Navigation toRead MoreNetflix : Case Study Analysis10160 Words   |  41 Pagesrevolutionize the way in which consumers watch movies and television shows. Their accomplishments both in innovation and in customer base for their service indicate that the firm has been, and continues to be, successful in doing so. Currently, the organization is the world’s leading Internet subscription service for watching movies and TV shows (Netflix, 2015). This number is comprised of 65 million members in over 50 countries that watch over 100 million hours of television shows and movies dailyRead MoreResearch Paper and Argument Topics4449 Words   |  18 PagesSexuality Multiculturalism and Diversity Advertising and Marketing Economic Issues Environmental Issues Media Issues Consumerism and Convenience Culture TV and Film Sports and Entertainment Race and Ethnicity †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Should racial profiling be a le gitimate law enforcement policy in some areas? Should Affirmative Action for state university enrollment be continued? Should the primary method of public school funding (property taxes in individual school districts) be amended to create moreRead More The Powerful Effect of Fake News Essay2860 Words   |  12 PagesEffect of â€Å"Fake News† Introduction From the beginning days of the printing press to the always evolving internet of present day, the media has greatly evolved and changed over the years. No one can possibly overstate the influential power of the new media of television on the rest of the industry. Television continues to influence the media, which recently an era of comedic television shows that specialize in providing â€Å"fake news† has captivated. The groundbreaking The Daily Show with Jon StewartRead More Children and Television Violence Essay example2068 Words   |  9 PagesChildren and Television Violence Through what they experience on television, children are forced into adulthood at too young of an age. The innocence of youth is lost when children stare endlessly at a screen displaying the horrors of murder, rape, assault, devastating fire, and other natural disasters. Although these are occurrences in everyday life, things adults have grown accustomed to hearing about, children do not have the maturity level to deal with these tragedies appropriately. ChildrensRead MoreMarketing Is Not Just A Marketing Endeavor2113 Words   |  9 Pagesperception is not just a marketing endeavor; the larger a business gets the greater need for a department to help assist with the public perceptions of the company( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is not as easy as mocking up media advertisements; it is methodical process in which every step is crucial to the overall long term success of the product ( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is the basic concept of selling or buying products and services. This is generally some type of exchange of money, services

Justice And Its Impact On Public Safety - 792 Words

Justice plays an important part in society as it provides an atmosphere of honesty, fairness and credibility. The concept of justice is a living, breathing aspect that is affected by the ever-changing world. Every citizen has a responsibility towards achieving justice through behavior and accountability. On the state and federal level, the cost of justice is measured through its effectiveness in reform and the impact on public safety. The 2013 budget for the Department of Justice (DOJ) was $27.1 billion, with $8.6 billion earmarked for federal prisons and detention. â€Å"The number of inmates under the Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP’s) jurisdiction has increased from approximately 25,000 in FY1980 to over 219,000 in FY2013.† (James, 2014) The numbers speak for themselves; the prison population is growing rapidly and with it the cost of maintaining, housing and rehabilitation prisoners. Therefore the cost of justice in the federal prison system is one that is that touch es both the prisoner and the taxpayer. The cost of justice will continue to grow as more and more offenses, such as drug-related offenses, are deemed federal crimes with mandatory minimum sentences. â€Å"The [Bureau of Prisons] has identified the abolition of parole for federal inmates as one cause of the growing federal prison population.†(James, 2014) With parole not being an option, the price to pay for a federal conviction is high in terms of life, family and community. Therefore, federal prisons have become warehousesShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,1316 Words   |  6 Pagesreflects a simple change in number over time and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice system. Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with court orders and are on good behaviour for an arranged period of time (Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Service, 2016). Youth probation officers work in their assigned community to regulate and maintain the order of juvenileRead MoreThe Miranda Warning And The Gun Inadmissible Evidence For The Court Of New York1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions was incorrect due to the fact that the officers were acting with the Public Safety Exception which allows for the omission of the Miranda warning prior to questioning a suspect when public safety is jeopardized, (Albanese, 2013). The court believed that in order for the police to protect themselves and the public they needed to obtain the firearm to avoid further crime. In delivering the opinion of the court Justice Rehnquist believed that if Quarles had been read his Miranda Rights prior toRead MorePublic Schools Have Improved Their Safety Protocols1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand have had a few incidents in the past 10 years, we are slowly evolving and becoming better each year. Because of the Columbine massacre, we have learned many things and are still learning to become better each year nationwide. Public schools have improved their safety protocols vigorously by heightening security, creating Zero-Tolerance Policies and Bullying and Violence Prevention Programs. Schools have also allowed cell phones on campus and there is more Mental Health Counseling. The ColumbineRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 Pageswhite† (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)). These studies propose that while criminal behavior cuts across race and class lines, the common response to these behaviors may significantly influence the course of a potential criminal career. Decisions concerning the most effective balance of responses by law enforcement, social services, and community intervention are critical in determining many of these outcomes. Bias within the criminal justice Historically, the criminal justice system has servedRead MoreSocial Justice And The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1148 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social justice is a long debated subject that continues to prove controversial and divisive all over the world. Opinions on what constitutes social justice vary on a continuum from more conservative opinions which note individual responsibility to a more liberal stance which promotes a moral responsibility to support social equality (Mapp, 2008). Despite the varying opinions of what establishes social justice, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) serves as the first stepRead MoreMetal Detectors Should Not Be Scanned, Treated Like A Criminal?954 Words   |  4 Pagesdetectors reduces the risk of entering school with weapons. However, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, metal detectors are usually not effective when used on purses, backpacks, briefcases, or suitcases. There is usually a large number of different objects or materials located in or as part of the composition of these carried items that would cause an alarm. {National Institute of Justice Research Report: Chapter 3-Metal Detection: Walk-Through Metal Detectors for Personnel-Do metal detectorsRead MoreThe Key Drivers Of Growth Behind Our Prison Population939 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of prison is to protect the community and rehabilitate the offender (Smart Justice, 2015). Research has indicated that prison fails to do this and instead can increase the rate of reoffending (Smart Justice, 2015). Prison does not address the causes of the person’s criminal offending. Imprisonment is designed to be a sentence of last resort, yet we are building more prisons at an ever increasing rate (Smart Justice, 2015). In Victoria, annually, the prison system cost more than $1 billion (GlassRead MoreThe Effect Of Justice Expenditure On The Crime Rate Since 19921392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Justice Expenditure on the Crime Rate Since 1992 1. Introduction The crime rate is the result of problems in public safety. As one of the most important public good, safety has generates positive externalities that helps urban development. However, due to the fact tighter police protection budgets yield the local law enforcement to maintain or improve the efficiency of policing with fewer hands and resources. Will an increase in justice expenses bring us a safer local environmentRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement1282 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of the USA Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement Teddilane Turner PSF8200 Advanced Research in Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts This paper presents the topic selected for the final Public Safety Case Analysis Project, an overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening. Congress reacted to the violation to our country on September 11, 2001 by passing the USA Patriot Act into law on October 26, 2001. (USA PatriotRead MoreIncarceration Of Youth And Its Effects On Reducing Crime Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesIncarceration of Youth The United States leads the world in the incarceration of young people, there are over 100,000 youth placed in jail each year. Locking up youth has shown very little positive impact on reducing crime. Incarcerating youth have posed greater problems such as expenses, limited education, lack of employment, and effect on juveniles’ mental and physical well-being. In today’s society there has been an increase in the crimes committed by juveniles. Most juveniles have underlining

Effectiveness of Educational Technology” Free Essays

The purpose of this research â€Å" Effectiveness of Educational Technology† â€Å"From a Department of Education 1995 forum, some panelists contended that rather than debating the connections between technology-based instruction and test scores, schools should focus on the most obvious and compelling reason form implementing technology-namely, those students needs strong technology skills to succeed in the world of work. From research studies it shows positive benefits from the use of technology for educational purposes. The data method use to collect this information was â€Å"First, a U. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Educational Technology† or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Department of Education-funded study of nine technology-rich schools, concluded that the use of technology resulted in educational gains for all students regardless of age, race, parental income, or other characteristics. The second, a 10-year study supported by Apple Computer, Inc. Concluded that student provided with technology-rich learning environments ‘continued to perform well on standardized tests but were also developing a variety of competencies not usually measured. † Some success seen by there research, rising scores on state tests, improved student attendance, increased student comprehension, self motivation, more parent/ teacher support improved student retention. Another issue the research hoped to confront was the possibility of negative effects from prolonged exposure to computers. Some critics have worried those students who use computers extensively will become ‘brain-dead’ or less social from looking at the computer screen all day. At the end of two years, the researchers learned that some of their worst fears had been groundless. † In a 1994 Software Publisher’s Association (SPA) study, research found that: Educational technology has a significant positive impact on achievement in all subject areas, across all levels of school, and in regular classrooms as well as those for special-needs students. Educational technology has positive effects on student attitudes. The degree of effectiveness is influenced by the student population, the instructional design, the teacher’s role, how students are grouped, and the levels of student access to technology. Technology makes instruction more student-centered, encourages cooperative learning, and stimulated increased teacher/student interaction. Positive changes in the learning environment evolve over time and do not occur quickly. † How to cite Effectiveness of Educational Technology†, Papers

Is EDM a bad Influence on our Youth free essay sample

?Electronic Dance Music, also known as the acronym â€Å"EDM†, has stirred up a controversy across the United States in the past few weeks. The controversy started at Electric Zoo (Ezoo), a 3-day electronic dance music festival that is held yearly in New York City on Randall’s Island. On the second day of the event, 2 maximal ravers died and 4 were hospitalized due to the over use of Ecstasy (also known for the slang term â€Å"Molly†) which immediately lead to the cancellation of the third and final day of the festival. The club drug â€Å"Molly† isnt new to society but has unfortunately became the drug of choice when it comes to enhancing the experience for some EDM fans. Electric Zoo, like all festivals, has a â€Å"Zero Tolerance Policy† when it comes to drugs, but even with a security search of each person before you enter, the drug still manages to get in. We will write a custom essay sample on Is EDM a bad Influence on our Youth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With that being said this isnt the first situation in which fans have died from â€Å"Molly†. In the past seven months there has been reports on several other occasions where people have also died from taking the drug during Dance Music events across the country. Which brings up the interesting subject of the genre being banned from the United States. Should the United States ban Electronic Dance Music? Is Electronic Dance Music a bad influence on our youth? I am interested in the subject of the issue simply because i myself listen to Electronic Dance Music. Ive been a huge fan of the dance music scene since i was about 13 and since then made it a part of my everyday life. I cant even go a day without playing some of my favorite songs whether if its in my room, in the car or on my iPod. I was so infatuated with the genre that i actually started DJing and making electronic dance music on my computer. i spend everyday learning how to make melodies and drum patterns so that one day i could accomplish the dream of becoming a professional like the idols i listen to now. Therefore the issue of banning the genre in the United States has a huge impact on my life. According to blogs and other social networking sites the thought of petitions being created to ban the music due to a few irresponsible people dying caused an uproar in all EDM fans and even in professional artists and Djs. There are many petitions being place on the internet but one official petition to the Obama Administration has fans skeptical about the reasons of why the creator of the document wants the genre banned. The quote â€Å"After the recent deaths at New York’s Electric Zoo weekend. I firmly believe we should ban the manufacturing of electronic dance music. It is turning our children into drug addicts and murderers. † was placed on www. whitehouse. gov on the first of September. Its amazing how someone could just assume that sounds that go into your ear causes children to be drug addicts and murderers. The victims who died at Electric Zoo were 20 and 23, fully grown adults who have the maturity and responsibility to make their own decisions and take care of themselves. The victims chose to not only take one but multiple pills of molly which is obviously a horrible decision to make, therefore its on the victims behalf that they overdosed and not the music’s. Drug dealers passing out and selling the drug at these events have a part in it also. In that case if Electronic Music should be banned because its â€Å"†¦turning our children into drug addicts and murders† then rap music should be banned also. Rappers talk about killing people, gang banging, drugs, sex, and other horrible subjects in their songs and Molly also seems to be a trend in the genre of rap culture too. The following lyrics â€Å"Take the blunt, dip it in the lean, then light it, Pop a Molly, drink some orange juice, get higher†, and â€Å"I cant seem to find Molly, Molly, Molly, †¦. Put it in my drank, you already know.. † are some prime examples that you hear from popular rappers Juicy J and Tyga. With that being said banning dance music isnt going to solve the issue of people using the drug. Since the tragedy at Ezoo, Djs and artists like A-trak, Kaskade and Steve Angello are putting in their input to speak up against drug use while also sharing their stories of being sober and helping spread the idea that you dont need drugs to enjoy the great experience that is already being brought to you. A-trak quoted â€Å"I dont think we should be afraid to say dont do drugs† in a recent interview as well as popular dj Armin Van Buuren, â€Å"For some reason we have the stamp of drug misuse and I think that it’s unfair,† he said. â€Å"It ruins the party for a lot of other people. †

Abortion Essays (2706 words) - Fertility, RTT, Abortion,

Abortion Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus. Some abortions occur naturally because a fetus does not develop normally. Or because the mother has an injury or disorder that prevents her from carrying the pregnancy to a full term. This type of abortion is commonly known as a miscarriage. Other abortions are induced. Induced abortions are intentionally brought on, either because a pregnancy is unwanted or presents a risk to a woman's health. Induced abortion has become one of the most ethical and philosophical issues of the late 20th century. Modern medical techniques have made induced abortions simpler and less dangerous. But in the United States, the debate over abortion has led to legal battles in the courts, in the Congress of the United States, and state legislatures. It has proven to be spilled over into confrontations, which are sometimes violent, at clinics where abortions are performed. There are many different methods in having an abortion. Induced abortions are performed using one of several methods. The safest and most useful and appropriate method is determined by the age of the fetus, or the length of pregnancy, which is calculated from the beginning of the pregnant woman's last menstrual period. Most pregnancies last an average of 39 to 40 weeks, about 9 months. This period of time is broken up into three parts known as trimesters. The first trimester is the first 13 weeks, the second trimester is from the 14 to 24 week and the third trimester lasts from the 25th week to birth. Abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy are easier and safer to perform, that is because the fetus is smaller. Abortions in the second and third trimesters are more complicated procedures, which present greater risks to a woman's health. In the United States, a pregnant woman's risk of death from a first-term abortion is less than 1 in 100,000. The risk increases by about 30 percent with each week of pregnancy after 12 weeks. Although it is so dangerous many women continue to have abortions. There are even some drug medications used to terminate a woman's pregnancy. In a method commonly referred to as the morning-after pill, a woman is given large doses of estrogen which is a female hormone within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse and again 12 hours later. This high dose stops the fetus from any further development at the earliest stages after conception. Or the point when a man's sperm fertilizes a woman's egg. Typical side effects of the morning-after pill may include nausea, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and sometimes fluid retention. During the first seven weeks of pregnancy a combination of two drugs can be given in pill form to make a fetus. A pregnant woman first takes a drug which blocks progesterone, which is a hormone needed to maintain pregnancy. About 48 hours later she takes another drug which is a hormone like chemical produced by the body that causes contractions of the uterus, the organ in which the fetus develops. These contractions expel the fetus. Misoprostol, which is another kind of drug can also induce abortion when it is mixed with a different drug that interferes with cell division. A doctor first injects a pregnant woman with one kind of drug and about a week later the woman takes another drug to induce contractions and to expel to fetus. When you combine these two kinds of drugs it usually ends pregnancy effectively according to the 95 percent of the woman who have taken them. Although, some woman experience cramps, bleeding and nausea. Some of the cases are more serious, such as pneumonia, edema, arrhythmia and they effect the heart and lungs which may cause death. After the first 16 weeks of pregnancy , abortion becomes more difficult. One method that can be used during this period is called dilation and evacuation. Which requires greater dilation of the cervix than other methods. It also requires the use of suction of a large curette and a grasping tool called a forceps to remove the fetus. Dilation and evacuation are complicated procedures because of the size of the fetus and the thinner wall, which usually stretch to accommodate a growing fetus. Bleeding in the uterus often occurs. Dilation and evacuation must be performed under general anesthesia in a clinic or hospital. It is typically used in the first weeks of the second trimester but can be performed up to the 24th week of pregnancy. Intact dilation and extraction, also referred to as a

Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Essay Example

Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Essay Example Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Paper Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Paper Essay Topic: The Bible Bible and the Decontaminated the Bible and the Degrading represent the religious artifacts designed to gulled the believers through their lives, establishing the moral code to follow. The Bible Is a significant symbol of Charlatanry and while its text is open to interpretation, the Bible is quite strict with the rules provided within it: the people must follow them without questioning, doing exactly how it was said by the God. Disobedience, violations of the God-made laws will be punished. Degrading is widely followed by Chinese people. It is more vague and accepting, and emphasizes the reward for following it: if the search for the harmony is successful, the person will reach happiness. Everybody can follow the Way, as long as they strive for natural balance and harmony: l am good to those who are good; I also am good to those who are not good L trust the trustworthy; I also trust the untrustworthy (Chapter 49). The difference between the texts becomes clear in the very beginning of the 10 Commandments. Since Christianity is a monotheistic religion, it implies the existence of only one God. The first three commandments Leary define that there Is one God and people should worship only him: for I am the Lord your God am a Jealous God, visiting the Iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me (Exodus 20:5). Following the Dad does not prohibit following other religions and believing in other gods. Instead of putting the emphasis on worshiping the gods, the way of Dad encourages people to learn more about themselves, pointing out that this knowledge can lead to enlightenment: those who know themselves are enlightened SSE who conquer themselves are strong (Chapter 33). The Bible, and specifically the 10 Commandments. Attempt to create general rules to follow In order to create and maintain good community. Those rules are quite defined and it is pretty hard to misinterpret them: do not kill, do not steal, do not commit adultery, respect the elders, do not desire someone elses property, and do not make false statements. Sim ilar to Bible, Degrading stresses the importance of freeing from greed and desires, but does it in less prescriptive way. Instead of emphasizing the punishment for violation of the rules Like the Bible does, the Degrading defies the pre-set rule and laws: the more taboo and prohibitions The poorer the people The more clear the laws and edicts, the more thieves and robbers (Chapter 57). It encourages to voluntarily choose the path of non-action, giving up everything that might disrupt the existing balance, and the result will lead to happiness. According to the Degrading, people should not work towards enlightenment and achieving the Dad: the more one arches for It, the further It becomes. The only way to achieve the Dad Is to do nothing, to let oneself free of all desires and problems and reach natural balance: gaining the world always is accomplished by following no activity (Chapter 48). In order to accomplish smooth functioning, every community designates a special place for those who cannot stand up for themselves and need someone strong and passionate to raise awareness and concerns about their lives and ability to function as a part of society. Both the Bible and the Degrading emphasize the concerns about ten elves AT ten weak Ana ameliorates. According to ten Bide, you snail not wrong a sojourner You shall not mistreat any widow or fatherless child, and violation of this rule leads to a very strict punishment death of abuser, so his family can suffer the same fate as the mistreated people (Exodus 22:22-25). While a punishment is not an option for the Degrading, it still calls for protection of weak to maintain the natural balance: to preserve what is weak is called strength (Chapter 52). Comparing the 10 Commandments and Holiness Code with the Degrading teachings can be a quite complex process. While both of the texts set up some kind of moral code to follow, the Bibles stories call for some actions or forbid the others, and the Degrading sets its teachings on accomplishing the harmony through non-action. Fist one threatens with punishment for breaking the rules and leaving the path of obedience to the God, the later implies that rules do not matter as long as the harmony and the balance are achieved. The Bible requires studying and understanding the Holiness Code, as well as needs proper interpretation to match the stories and their meanings to the modern times. The Designing concern is that the studying will forsake any chances of attaining the harmony since knowledge will only raise more questions and, therefore, will cause the dissemblance. Depending on the society and the type of faith it follows, each one of those books can be a sacred reading that defines the actions of people throughout their lives or simply can become a cause of misunderstandings and confusion.

Analysis a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis a movie - Essay Example Alice is a star in the game but it is hard to say the same for the movie. The initial 3D scenes have been repetitive and are hardly impressive, a weak beginning was not well received by the audience and as a result of which the movie failed to live up to the expectations of the fans. The paper will expansively present the other important aspects of the movie. 2. â€Å"In a world ravaged by a virus infection, turning its victims into the Undead, Alice (Milla Jovovich), continues on her journey to find survivors and lead them to safety.† (After Life) The materials used in the movie are quite unique and one of its kind, the movie is a 3D movie and it involves animation and special effects. The effects however have not been presented as the fans expected it to be. 3. The artist is trying to present a world in which Zombies grow by leaps and bounds, a virus is affecting the human race and annihilation has been portrayed in the movie. B. Visual Arts 1. The movie bears no resemblance to reality; it is purely a fictitious flick. It is based on human beings turning into Zombies because of a virus and it has nothing to do with reality. 2. The artists is portraying the future in the movie, a virus which would affect our human race might end up making us all Zombies as shown in the movie. It represents the future. 3. The work of the artists is without a doubt good but the movie is purely a fictitious movie and bears no resemblance to reality so the work can never be believed. C. Artistic Concept 1. â€Å"The movie contains strong bloody violence and language.† (British Board of Film Classification) Being a 3D movie the visual artists have done a good job, Alice stood out for her performance; she is much more adored by the fans in the game than in the movie. Nevertheless her performance was a tour de force, she loses her supernatural powers when she is injected in the movie, she becomes human again but she single handedly carries the movie, the movie would hav e done very badly had it not been for her. Other characters were merely present in the movie but had no effect whatsoever. The performance of the characters is fine but being a fictitious movie it is hard to believe the scenes in the movie, it is fair to say that the movie is entirely fictitious. 2. Viewer interaction fails in this movie and as an inevitable result of which the movie also fails, the movie does not present enough opportunities to the viewers to interact and get involved in the movie. 3. The work does not appeal to the emotions because it is fictitious, it would have appealed to the emotions of the audience had it had any resemblance to the reality, on top of that it is not a job well done. D. Use of Lighting in Creative Designs 1. â€Å"The movie was written by Paul W.S. Anderson.† (Writer) The use of lighting has been good in the movie; the character of Alice has been presented very vividly in the movie. The presentation has been certainly special because the movie is a 3D movie, being a third dimensional movie it had nothing stunning in it, several other 3D movies are way better than this movie. The opening scene in which Alice and her entourage enter into Umbrella’s headquarters is good, it resembles the opening scene of the game and this made the fans happy and they also

The God of the Bible is very much like old Eli in 1 Samuel-always Essay

The God of the Bible is very much like old Eli in 1 Samuel-always nagging his children but not really controlling them - Essay Example He allows them to eat all fruits of the trees in the garden with exception to the tree in the middle of the garden; The Tree of Knowledge, â€Å"And the Lord commanded the man ‘You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil for when you eat it you will surely die.’ [Sic]† (Genesis 2:16-17). Despite this, man eats the fruit after being persuaded to do so by the serpent: God being Omni-conscious knew that Eve would be tempted by the serpent and did not take control of Eve to stop her from eating the apple, but rather let her choose her path even after emphasising on the importance of avoiding the apple. In Exodus, God calls Moses up into Mount Sinai to deliver to him The Ten Commandments. God then commands Moses to tell people of Israel that they are not to worship idols or build altars in the name of these idols, â€Å"And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.† [Sic] (Exodus 20:22-23). During his stay in the mountain, the Israelites soon lost hope in Moses and thought he died up there. Their faith in God soon weakened and they asked Aaron, who was left in charge, to make them a god that they could see as they have lost faith in Moses and his God. Aaron complies and asks them to strip themselves of the jewellery they have and give it to him so that he may make a god for them. â€Å"And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which [are] in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of yo ur daughters, and bring [them] unto me. And he received [them] at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These [be] thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. [Sic]† (Exodus 32:2-4). God was well aware of what

Impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock market

Impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock market CHAPTER 1 Generalities of Study Introduction In the initial period the economic growth of all the countries were started by government planning and action by developing the agricultural, manufacturing and the infrastructure facilities of the country. Though these facilities were adequate for the economy but it didnt boost the domestic growth of the country as it did not lead to much saving or any further investment. Since these domestic savings were inadequate, countries had to depend on the loans from different countries for the development of their country through different public organisations. This led to growth of economies by increased foreign investments which came in the form of overseas loans. Foreign capital plays a significant role in the development of any economy. It fills the gap between domestic savings and its required investment for growth. But this investment limited the scope of growth as loans were not easily available. So countries induced foreign investments by allowing them to invest in the companies list ed on stock markets to a major extent. This led to development of stock markets. Stock Markets initially were just a way for people to invest their money into different companies and they were not that big. But as of today they have become an important part in the growth process of any country. Due to development of stock markets, economies are getting globalised and world is getting smaller. Hence the significance of stock markets has grown above leaps and bounds. As of today the Gross Domestic Production of a country largely depends on stock markets. As a result each country is trying to enhance its stock markets in order to attract foreign investments and to boost the growth process of their own country. The best decision of the century has been the financial liberalisation of the equity markets all over the world which gave opportunity for foreign investors to invest in domestic markets especially of the emerging economies. According to Lalitha, S (1992), the main reason for opening stock market for FIIs was to attract foreign investments and stop country from raising more debts. According to Cerny (2004), the behaviour of stock market is affected by the globalisation of the world economy. The Foreign Investors are eyeing these days on the Asian markets specially India due to many obvious reasons. First of all growth potential in Asian Markets is higher, secondly its cheaper in countries like India to invest as the costs are low, thirdly there is a higher investor base and fourthly mostly the Asian economies are developing and hence the Governments are welcoming to Foreign investors as they play a major role in boosting the growth of the country. Now the question that arises is who are Foreign Institutional Investors? According to SEBI, FII means an entity which is established or incorporated outside India and which proposes to make investments in India. According to Sehgal and Tripathi (2009) FIIs are speculators instead of investors as they tend to invest in stock for short term and after attaining short term gains they tend to move away to different company and this might lead to volatility in stock prices and may lead to financial crisis. FIIs investments in stock market increases volatility in market due to excessive liquidity but it also leads improvement in value of stocks. According to Choe et al., (1999) Froot et al., (2001) Griffins et al., (2002), Foreign Investors run after returns from stocks, in a way they will buy shares in those companies whose returns they expect to be high. According to Syste et al. (2003), Foreign Investors invest in large liquid companies which enable them to exit quickly at lower cost. Another research by Prasana (2008) Foreign Institutional Investors have been eyeing on Indian Markets because of the positive fundamentals of the economy and potential to grow fast. Since foreign investors are freely available and are unpredictable, therefore FIIs are always on look out for profit. FIIs move their investments regularly and because of these swings there is a tendency to be fluctuations in prices and hence increased volatility in the market. Another study by Clark and Berko (1997) finds that stock prices rises due to increase in capital flows by foreign institutional investors but they could not conclude that the rise in pri ces are for short term or for long term. Another finding which indicates positivity of presence of FIIs was produced by Banaji (2000). According to him, due to presence of FIIs in Indian market there has been improved transparency in the procedures, automation and regulations regarding disclosure and reporting standards were initiated. So it becomes the necessity to study the Impact Foreign Institutional Investors have on Indian Stock Market. Background of Indian Economy India was ruled for nearly 200 years by British rule and in 1947 it gained its independence.( http://www.iloveindia.com/history/modern-history/british-india.html) So the growth of India has come in the last 60 years in which Indian economy has been thriving to set its foothold in the world. Under the British rule India was mainly dependent on its agricultural production and few basic industries were in existence as in textile industry which was basically for the benefit of the British colony to support them in their trade for European goods by exporting Indian basic agricultural goods and textile manufactures. After Independence, India carried on with its policy of attaining self sufficiency and closed the doors for the foreign investors. But this policy of government limited the growth of economy. So in order to finance the needs to economy of providing basic necessities to its citizens and for getting over with the burden of loans as the foreign reserves were at their all time low, Government of India took support from World Bank and International Monetary Fund to get the country on to revival path. These organisations agreed to help Indian economy on the condition that they will allow foreign investors to enter India. So basically a reform process was initiated in India after balance of payment crisis of 1991 which was recommended by M. Narsimham, chairman of committee of financial system. This became starting point of deregulation of financial sector and development of various sectors of financial markets. This resulted in significant changes in Indian market from dull to highly buoyant stock market. As a result Indian markets were opened to foreign institutional investors in September 1992 and this event led to effective globalising of the financial services and since then the Foreign Institutional Investments have been rising positively year on year. These investments helped India in developing infrastructural facilities which were necessary for the growth of the country. These investments were led due to increasing confidence in Indian stock markets which were based on strong macro-economic fundamentals of the economy, abolition of long term capital gain tax, improved performance of Indian com panies and transparency in the regulatory system. The opening up of markets for foreign investors had its own pros and cons. Pros of financial liberalisation are that firstly stock markets had to improve its trading mechanism and match up to world standards and secondly with the presence of foreign investors, information system saw a drastic change. Con of financial liberalisation was that it brought destabilisation in the economy and increased more volatility in stock movements. But overall it increased confidence of foreign investors in Indian stock market. The last two decades has led to growing participation of Institutional Investors which includes not only the foreign Institutional investments but also investments by domestic institutional investors. Indian economy has been an attractive avenue for foreign investors as nearly 16% of the world population lives in India and also India has joined the elite club of 12 countries to cross trillion dollar economy. Other countries which have in past breached this trillion dollar economy mark in the past includes countries like U.S, Japan, Germany, China, France, U.K, Italy, Spain, Canada, Brazil and Russia. Besides this countrys stock Market capitalisation has also risen to $944 billion which is close to trillion dollar level. As per Credit Suisse Report, stock markets have risen in eight out of ten countries after reaching this mark. Foreign Institutions have played a major role in Foreign Investments in India which resulted in changing the face of Indian Stock Market. According to M Puri, ICICI Securities Chief, ( 2009) India has been looked upon as the safest destination for foreign investors. Foreign Institutional Investors are the companies which are registered outside India. They are registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India and they are guided by SEBI in participating in stock market through limits placed by it. The major source of their investment in Indian Stock market is through Participatory notes which are almost 50% of the money invested in markets. The disadvantage of participatory notes is that the investor is anonymous and hence it could be an investment by any organisation including terrorist organisations. Foreign Institutional Investors have invested more than $41trillion of funds in India in the past four years which resulted in bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with BSE Sensex rising in absolute terms. India has witnessed over a decade of FIIs portfolio flows and these flows have gained significance and have played a key role in the overall Indian Economy. The impact of foreign investments in India is significant. The increasing role of Institutional investors led to both qualitative and quantitative developments in Indian Stock Markets. The Foreign institutional investors has also impacted the domestic investors to a large extent in the sense that if FIIs sell the stocks then there is a situation of panic created among the domestic investors and they tend to sell as well. Hence there is a need to study its impact on Indian companies and economy in general taking into consideration all the factors affecting movement of stocks on Indian Stock Market. Significance of Study Indian economy is growing at a very fast pace. Most of the FIIs are investing in India due to its significant growth. These FIIs though they are investing in the country, they not only invest for profit they also are affecting the movement of stocks in stock markets. Hence they are impacting the stock market in a large way which is an important perimeter of the Indian economy as it contributes to the growth process of Indian Economy. So it is significant to study the impact of Foreign Institutional Investments on Indian Stock Market. Objectives of Study The main objectives of study are: To analyse the impact of FIIs investments on the shareholding pattern of Stock exchange companies. To find way to reduce risk associated with investing in stock market and to know when to exit. To look for investment opportunities CHAPTER 2 Review of Literature and Studies Determinants of FIIs Foreign Institutional Investors play a major role in the economic growth of India. Their impact is significant even though their market capitalisation is not much and is improving year on year. Several attempts have been made to understand the impact FIIs have on Indian Stock markets. According to Aggarwal 1997, Chakrabarti 2001 and Trivedi and Nair 2003(cited in Rai and Bhanumurthy) equity returns have positive impact on FIIs. But Gordon and Gupta,2003 ( as citied in Rai and Bhanumurthy) contradict by saying that foreign investors are here for earning profits, they invest in a company and make the price go up as other investors follow and then book their profits and leave. So it can be said that there is a bidirectional relationship between FIIs and equity return. After the bursting of infotech bubble in 1998 and Asian crisis, Chakrabarti (2001) analysed and found a shift in regime in the determinants of FIIs. He analysed that before the Asian crisis, any change in investment pattern by FIIs had a positive impact on equity returns but after Asian Crisis he found that if there is a change in equity return then the behaviour of FIIs change. But Trivedi and Nair (2003) are of a different view point, they feel that any investments made depend a lot on the risk associated with it. They further divide realised risk into two factors, ex-ante and unexpected risk. According to them, ex-ante risk is negatively related to FIIs whereas the relation of FII with unexpected risk is not certain. This is because uncertain activities can bring unimaginable loss or gain depending on the situation. Take for example U.S subprime crisis. Those crises were unexpected and they led to unexpected movement in stock markets and FIIs activity. Studies in the past have concluded that the return in source country and inflation in that country doesnt exert pressure on FII. But this theory has been contradicted by the recent subprime recession in US which led to most of FIIs withdrawing their investments in order to cope up with crisis in their own country. Hence if stock markets of foreign investors home country are doing well and there is stability in their economy then it leads to a positive impact on the investments by FIIs. According to Aggarwal 1997 (as cited in Rai and Bhanumurthy 2004) world stock market capitalisation has a positive impact on growth of FIIs in India. According to literature survey shows that most of the existing studies do not reflect the effect of stock volatility and also they do not account for realised risks in foreign and domestic markets. Another observation by Ahmadjian and Robbins (2005) after analysing firms in Japanese economy showed that foreign investors are more inclined towards profit making than going in for long term ownership. They tend to make money and move away towards other company. Investment Preferences of FIIs According to Douma, Pallathiatta and Kabir (2006) there is a positive impact of foreign ownership on firm performance and especially on the emerging economies. They also found the impact on business group affiliations of FIIs But FIIs dont invest in any firm, they invest in those firms which have good corporate governance as the firms with poor corporate governance are least protective about the investors and instead they are concerned about their own interest only, this was observed by Aggarwal, Klapper and Wysocki (2005). According to them companies which are controlled by block of shareholders they find it difficult to find external investors as they are derived by private benefits and may manipulate things accordingly. This was already concluded by Cho and Padmanabhan 2001 (as cited in Prasana 2008) that block shareholders influence firm performance. They also said that corporate governance of listed companies play an important role in attracting foreign investments. They also cl arified that block shareholders mean basically businesses run by family groups and distinguished them from times when government acts as block shareholders; they act quiet differently from private investors. Bhanumurthy and Rai (2003) made an attempt to examine the determinants of FIIs by using the monthly data from January 1994- November 2002 by analyzing the effect of return, risk and inflation in domestic and foreign economy. They firstly calculate the domestic and foreign returns from daily returns on BSE Sensex and SP 500. After the analyses they find out that FIIs inflow depend on stock market returns, inflation rate and Ex-ante risk. According to Yin-Hua and Woidtke 2005 (cited in Prasana 2008) investors protection is weak when company board is dominated by members of controlling family and it gets difficult to separate the ownership from management then firm value is inversely related to family ownership firms. Their view was supported by Choe, Kho, Stulz (2005) who analysed US investors and concluded that they hold fewer shares in companies where ownership structure is more conducive to insiders. Another observation by LI (2005) was that if there was poor corporate governance then foreign investors tend to prefer other route of Foreign Direct Investment instead as Foreign Institutional Investors. Going further in accessing the information on firm ownership, Leuz, Nanda and Wyoscki (2003) assessed the firm level characteristics and found family control increases insider trading which gives less benefit to foreign investors. They were supported by Haw, Hu, Hwang and Wu (2004) who concluded that firm level charact eristics cause information asymmetry problems for FIIs. In order to analyse the investment preferences of FIIs, Dahlquist et al (2003) analysed the foreign ownership and firm characteristics of Swedish Stock Market and they concluded that FIIs prefer firms which are large, pay low dividends and have a huge cash holdings. Whereas Covirg et al (2007) were of the view that foreign managers have comparatively less information than domestic managers and hence they concern FIIs preference to be based on size of sales and stocks which are listed on foreign soil. According to Li and Jeong-Bon 2004 (as cited in Prasana 2008), FIIs are in a better position to analyse the public information and hence they tend to avoid stocks with high cross-corporate holdings whereas according to Morin 2000 (as cited in Prasana 2008) as they analysed the French model of shareholding and management of FII pattern concluded that France has undergone a rapid change and has gone away with the traditional system of FII holding and facilitated with new techniques which demands corporate management. Stock Market Volatility Research by Forbes and Rigobon (2002), Bekaert, Harvey and Lumsdaine (2002a,b) , Edwards (2000) and others focussed on stock market volatility concentrating on moving of volatilities among different economies and also of the financial crisis which happened thereafter. Bakaert and Harvey 2000 (as cited in Batra 2004) analysed equity returns of a group of emerging markets before and after financial reforms. According to Aggarwal, Inclan and Leal 1999 (as cited in Batra 2004) local events and happenings make the stock markets to turn volatile in emerging economies. In order to draw this conclusion they analysed emerging stock markets for volatility for period of 1985-95 and by using ICSS algorithm they identified points of sudden change when some event occurred or when there was large movement in stock market volatility. They calculated the variance at each point. According to De Santis and Imrohoroglu 1997 (cited in Ranjan Kumar Dash and Sumanjeet Singh) studied the behaviour of volati lity in emerging markets and the effect of liberalisation on financial markets and concluded that volatility decreased after liberalisation. Their study was contradicted by Singh (1993), Grabel (1995), Levine and Zervous (1998), Kamminsky and Schmickler (2001 and 2003), Nission (2002) and Edwards et al. 2003 (cited in Ranjan Kumar Dash and Sumanjeet Singh) by saying that financial liberalisation increases stock market volatility. In Indian context, Samal 1997 and Pal 1998 (cited in Ranjan Kumar Dash and Sumanjeet Singh) found that FIIs investment is the major source of volatility whereas stock market volatility was lower in liberalized economy. This view was supported by Richards 1996 who took three different methodologies and two different sets of data to calculate the volatility in emerging markets and came with the conclusion that there was no empirical evidence which supports that liberalization of economy increases volatility in stock markets. Hamao and Mei 2001(as cited in Batra 2004) examined Japanese market at a time when foreign portfolio investments in Japan were small and found no proper evidence to prove that foreign investments tend to increase volatility more than increase in volatility due to domestic investors. Folkerts Landau and Ito 1995 (as cited in Batra 2004) computed market volatility in emerging economies at different periods in which there was a difference in flow of portfolio and found in case of Mexico that stock prices were less volatile when Foreign flows were more volatile and vice versa for Hong Kong. According to Nilsson (2002) by using Markov regime switching model in Nordic Stock markets, liberalisation in stock markets leads to increase in volatility. Nilsson also evidenced that higher volatility and higher expected returns have strong links with international stock markets. Considerable attention has been paid these days to stock market volatility and especially after global recession. Stock Markets had been highly volatile in emerging markets like India and its study becomes important. Investment strategies of FIIs There has been a considerable amount of research done on the investment strategies of FIIs which show the Positive feedback and herding strategies being followed by FIIs. Research done by Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (LSV) 1992(cited in Sehgal and Tripathi 2009) looked at the investment behaviour of 769 US tax exempt equity funds managed by 341 money managers for the period of 1985 to 1989. They concluded that there was no herding by money managers but it was prevailing in the behaviour of stock prices of small companies than in large companies. The reason given by LSV is that information on large stocks is easily available whereas small companies do not provide much information to public, so money managers look at the investments by other big investors into small stock and follow them. According to LSV, it is difficult to find the effect of herding as at times a small amount of herding can bring significant movement in stock prices. An argument was put forward by Dornbusch and P ark (1995) that foreign investors follow positive feedback strategy which leads to stock unusual movement in stock prices. Wermers 1998 (cited in Sehgal and Tripathi 2009) used LSV measures to check the presence of herding among mutual funds. He took the quarterly data of mutual funds from 1975 till 1994 and concluded that mutual funds showed existence of herding. He also analysed stocks and concluded that herding among those stocks tend to be higher which had reported higher amounts stock returns in the previous quarter. He concluded that investors buy those stocks which had good returns in the previous quarter and sell those stocks which had poor quarterly results. After computing average level of herding by Wermers model it was concluded that herding is more in mutual funds than in stocks. But after analysis of trading behaviour of large pool of mutual funds it was found that the herding behaviour in fact reduces in mutual funds and it was justified as large pool of mutual funds carry stock which have large amount of capitalisation and companies with large capitalisation tend not to do any herding. A nother analysis by Bonser- Neal et al 2002 (cited in Sehgal and Tripathi 2009) analysed the foreign trading behaviour on Jakarta Stock exchange between 1995 and 2000 and found positive feedback trading and herding by foreign investors but they didnt find any evidence indicating destabilising of markets due to foreign investors during Asian crisis. Richards 2002 (cited in Sehgal and Tripathi 2009) used data pertaining to net purchases by foreign investors in six Asian emerging markets over 1999-2001 and found an evidence of positive feedback trading. According to Kim and Wei (2002) foreign investors who live outside Korea are more likely to indulge in positive feedback trading and herding strategies as compared to their branches and subsidiaries who are living in Korea or any foreign national staying in Korea. According to them this difference in trading behaviour arises due to different kind of processing of information by those living outside Korea than those living inside. CHAPTER 3 Data and Methodology Research Methodology and Design According to Collis and Hussey (2003), Methodology refers to overall approach to research process which includes underpinning of theory, collection of data and analysing it. However the research process adopted depends to a great extent on the approach taken by the researcher. Research design is the general plan of how to go about answering the research question. It gives the logic behind every interpretation. Due to nature of research carried out the prime focus has been on gathering the secondary data which is relevant to analysis being carried out. According to Collis and Hussey (2003), there are two main paradigms of research that is qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research is followed by those people who have phenomenological bent as it deals with understanding the behaviour of human beings. Therefore it is also known as Phenomenological Paradigm. On the other hand Quantitative research refers to those who relate to positive view of the world and therefore this kind of research is also called as Positivistic Paradigm. Positivistic paradigm is used basically in natural sciences as this approach gathers facts with subjectivity of the nature of research and individual bias. For the purpose of research both qualitative and quantitative data will form part. Qualitative Data: this data has been collected by: Studying into the certain days on which markets fluctuated in upside or downside direction to a great extent Studying the changes in regulations by the Securities and Exchange Board of India in relation to foreign institutional investors. Studying the behavior of domestic investors and other factors affecting the market. Studying the basis on which the foreign institutional investors entered Indian Stock Market and there enter and exit strategy and its impact on Indian economy. Quantitative Data: this data has been collected by: Studying the market capitalization of foreign institutional investors and their cumulative effect on stock market Looking in the growth of number of institutional investors and the share of their investments year on year. The research onion below in the diagram gives an overview, how to achieve the objectives by using the techniques in each layer of the onion. In order to carry on with the research each onion of the Research Onion has been peeled systematically so as to get in the right direction. The philosophy adopted for the purpose of research is Positivism philosophy as research has been undertaken mostly from the data already published in journals, articles, previous researches etc. Approach taken by the researcher is mainly inductive as maximum data is qualitative and it has been of utmost importance to cover every aspect of research. Researcher has taken the case study strategy to analyse the data. The Researcher has used Mixed Method research choice in the sense the data collected comprises of both qualitative and quantitative data. The time horizon for research has been longitudinal as this research has been carried on after observing the behaviour of stock markets over a long period of time and on happening of any event. While carrying out the research it has been kept in mind that the research objectives and the characteristics of the information collected match. In order to analyse the Impact of FIIs on Indian Stock market, a thorough research has been done from different sources which includes RBI and SEBI publications, newspaper articles, journals, previous research done on the topic and also from internet. For the purpose of our research study we are looking into the data till financial year 2008-09. Limitations of Study: This study has been taken during the time when impact of recession has not been fully analysed and its exact nature and impact on the movement of stock markets and Financial Institutional Investors cannot be justified as it is a global recession. So research may miss out some of the implications of recession and may not correlate to impact which FIIs may have during the normal market conditions. Data has been collected mostly through online source. It was not possible to conduct personnel interviews with top brokers in India due to distance barriers. Hence the findings and analysis has been derived on the basis of data available online. Summary of Research: The majority of this research is conducted by making use of secondary sources of data which includes journals, articles, books, magazines, newspapers, Internet and other electronic sources. The research in this area has already been conducted but the purpose of this research is to generate new ideas and to gain further understanding into the subject by looking into each and every detail of it. This research is conducted at the time of recession, the condition which was not prevalent earlier, so it is expected to bring new concepts and theories into existent and it will also over rule some of the studies that have already been conducted. CHAPTER 4 Analysis of Indian Stock Market Overview of Indian Stock Market Stock markets were first introduced to India in 1875 as a non profit making organisation. Bombay Stock exchange is the oldest stock market in whole Asia. Stocks in India are traded on the stock exchanges which are around 23 which includes Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. Stock exchange is a corporation which provides its brokers to trade stocks of companies which are listed with them. The organisation of Stock Exchange, its systems and practices are regulated by Securities Contract, (Regulation) Act (SC(R) ACT), 1956.They are highly efficient organisations which have led to growth of securities market. Stock exchanges trade securities which include shares, unit trust, pooled investments and also bonds which are listed on them. Members of the stock exchange act as its agents as they are only allowed to trade on behalf of their customers who pay brokerage to them for the services provided by them. Stock exchanges also provide plenty of services as in issuing and redee ming shares and also in payment of dividends to its shareholders through its participants or members. Stock exchanges are important even though it is not necessary to issue shares via stock exchange. Shares are normally issued through Initial Public Offering (IPO). Stock exchanges play a major role in the economy as of today as they help with expansion plans of the country by mobilising the savings to investments and also by redistributing wealth among the economy. Stock exchanges maintains the records of all the shareholders at one central location but shares that are traded on stock exchange they are not dependent on that central location as the computerisation has made it easier to trade stocks. All stock exchanges have become an important part of world market for securities as global investors can invest in any market from anywhere. Importance of Stock Markets in India: Stock markets play an important role in the economy as they are now the financial indicators of growth in any country. They represent the crux of functioning of all the sectors of country. NSE NIFTY comprises of 50 top Indian companies from each sector and BSE SENSEX comprises of 30 companies from all the sectors. The following points describe the role stock markets play in India: Improving Corporate Governance: Since Stock markets are regulated by SEBI, companies are bound to follow the rules and regulations in order to have a good market value of their stocks on stock markets. This is possible only if they keep their shareholders satisfied. So they

Avon in Global Markets Essay

1. Referring to this chapter and Chapter 9, evaluate Avon’s Strategic International Human Resources practices in global markets regarding development of a global management cadre, HCNs, and building company associates and independent representatives in host countries. Avon Strategic International Human Resources practices in global markets: In this day and age the world is no longer bound by distance; the gap between countries and cultures are shrinking. Most business try attempt to take advantage of this and expand beyond the borders of their homeland. The idea of world market share is lucrative to most businesses not to mention profitable. Such With the great expansion and lucrative prospects, there is a strong expansion creates need for international human resource management. Human resource management is the whole process of recruitment and selection of the employees, it has been perceived by many observers as a key ingredient and accounts for the success of companies on world markets. Sales force: â€Å"In international business, consumer companies cannot operate efficiently without having best and most well- trained sales force† (Deresky, 2010, p. 378). Hence by acquiring a local employees with proper skills and adequate company’s knowledge benefits the company in an aspect of better understanding of the surrounding environment and communication advantage of common language and for this reason, Avon has hired million local door to door representatives to advance their work force and to improve their international market. Recruitment and selection: â€Å"In addition, valuingValuing workforce diversity and providing equal opportunity is important to the company† (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). Qualities such as culture empathy, that isthe appreciation and respect of beliefs, values and behavior, interpersonal skills, such as communication and the capacity to build trust, managerial, and decision making abilities  particularly under condition of isolation environment and other crucial qualities including self-motivation, ethical standard, relationship building, organizations skills and so on are looked for. This strategy facilitates Avon to identify full potential of the recruits and their competencies. Female CEO: Avon is a company which caters to women and is ranrun by women. Having a female in charge serves a fundamental advantage since she can better understand the target customers and their needs. This, hence helps Avon to well implement and execute their goals successfully. Before Andrea Jung took over as CEO the company was struggling with low revenues and high debts. Once Andrea Jung took charge, she has implemented several efficient policies in both US offices and foreign offices that helped to boost up the company’s revenue and got rid ofeliminated the debt problems the company was facing. This has allowed the company to retain its reputation and increase its sales network and all while continuinge to grow into new markets such as India and China. Goodwill: Avon’s dedication to charity has been a part of company’s policy for more than 125 years. This builds a close relationship between and the company and the society in which it functions. Not to mention brings a It also provides greatvery good publicity and a set up for numerous PR campaigns. Avon’s foundation helps provide funds for cancer researches, for scholarships and other charitable programs. In addition to workforce diversity and minority recruitment, the company supports various programs in women’s empowerment. Leadership programs: â€Å"Like other companies, Avon runs leadership programs on the job training seminars on a regular basis.† (Deresky, 2010, p. 378). This provides employees with the tools, knowledge and the ability to impact and inspire their followers and thereby sharpen their skills and knowledge in the effective manner. The programs help in strengthening the area of weaknesses  and provide accountability and clear vision. 2. Describe how Avon’s business model has changed in light of demographic and social changes in the United States and abroad. What role has IHRM played in the company’s global expansion? Avon has had to adapt its business model due to demographic and social shifts. In the United States, for example, resources have become less differentiated and the biggest way for a company to gain a competitive advantage is with a well-developed workforce. Technological advancements have also created the need for Avon to have an online platform in order to efficiently manage their workforce. Changes abroad have also impacted Avon. For instance, new emerging markets such as India, Russia and China have created new opportunities for the company. However, these countries must be analyzed to understand how to establish a workforce as well as the social and demographic factors that can affect their human resource practices (iei.e.; the social role of women; restrictions on certain business practices). In the global market, Avon hires and trains the new local workforce in its door-to-door selling model and adapts their distribution strategies to the local needs by including mail, phone, fax, retail outlets, and web sites for working women and to accommodate other cultural and logistical practices. Human resource management plays a huge role in dealing with knowing who to recruit for the global workforce, what qualifications can be expected, how to best motivate them and what levels of productivity can be expected from them once integrated into the company’s network. The role of IHRM for Avon in global expansion include: 1) Training in both virtual and time-based seminar; 2) Adapting and adjusting the operation to local industrial relations systems. 3. Since 70 percent of Avon’s revenues are generated outside the United States, what recommendations would you provide to the company regarding dealing with a culturally diverse workforce and a multicultural marketplace in the coming years? Avon is already on the right track in dealing with a multicultural  marketplace. It currently â€Å"maintains 5.8 million independent representatives and approximately 42,500 associates in over a hundred countries† (Deresky, 2010, p. 378). Avon has a strong brand that is well known internationally. This helps the company attract top-notch employees that truly want to work for Avon. Although many would see Avon’s culturally diverse workforce as a challenge it is actually one of Avon’s greatest strengths. Avon’s diverse employees are already aware of the cultures with which they are conducting business because the employees share the same culture as the consumers. The employees understand what types of products their culture demands and which they do not. This helps to prevent excess supply or wasted marketing efforts on products that are of no interest in certain markets. In addition, with Avon’s large focus on door-to-door selling their diverse workforce is extremely helpful because these employees are fluent in their native languages and will be able to excel in conversing with their potential customers in efforts to produce sales. As stated in the case study, Avon’s 5.8 million independent representatives â€Å"are self-managed Host Country Nationals who know the culture and the ways to do their business in their home turf† (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). These representatives help to minimize the culture shock Avon employees would normally experience had they not had any previous experience dealing with a foreign country and were expected to conduct business there. Since Avon has employees and representatives hailing from the countries in which they are conducting business it makes the sales aspect much easier since there is minimal cultural disconnect between the consumer and the sales personnel. Therefore, my recommendation is that Avon continues its efforts to hire employees from various cultures especially in areas in which Avon currently conducts or plans to conduct business. However, hiring a diverse workforce can prove difficult when poorly managed. Luckily, â€Å"Avon’s managers realized that becoming aware of intercultural differences and getting the appropriate training play an important role in the development of a productive sales force† (Deresky, 2010, p. 377). Avon understands that their employees are the key to success; therefore it is imperative that they maintain employee efficiency, productivity, and morale. The company is able to ensure this via the four areas of compensation, fringe benefits, professional development, and workforce environment. Employees greatly enjoy these  benefits as well as working for Avon, which helps fuel, the company’s outstanding performance. My recommendation is that Avon continues their pursuit of maintaining a diverse workforce. The company must ensure they are constantly training their employees in areas such as new product offerings, dealing with various cultures, and performing efficient sales. As Avon looks to continue its expansion they must ensure they understand each marketplace prior to moving in and beginning business. In order to expand their multicultural marketplace Avon must work to put together solid research teams that will be in charge of understanding and discovering all facets of a country’s economy and population. This will allow Avon to be well prepared and easily determine which products will be sold in which countries b ased on the population’s preferences. 4. Avon’s future global expansion is contingent on hiring and retaining the best workforce and salespeople in global markets. What training and cross-cultural practices would you recommend to the company to deal with this area? In order for Avon to develop the best global workforce they must consider cultural sensitivity, motivation, ethical-standards, relationship building, and organizational skills (Deresky, 2010, p. 377). Avon can achieve the best global workforce by continuing to provide leadership programs and on-the-job training seminars on a regular basis. If Avon wants to continue expanding globally, they may consider continuing their global geographic (area) structure. This structure allows regional and local managers to address, and solve issues based on their knowledge of the local culture, government regulations, and business transactions (Deresky, 2014, p. 247). The benefits of this structure were evident in the case where Avon’s China General Manager, Ms. Jung, noticed the need to change their distribution strategies in order to adapt to local costumers needs (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). Ms. Jung also noticed the need for international representatives to gain faster online access to improve training (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). Avon has done a great job thus far in hiring and retaining one of the best workforce and salespeople in the global market. A rising middle class in the emerging markets will help Avon reach people they have never reached  before. If Avon wants to continue their success, they must consider their cultural environment and continue evolving their training technicstechniques and technology. 5. China is expected to be a major market for Avon. If you were to advise Avon, how would you develop a competitive IHR plan for the company? Starting with assessing Avon’s successes in the international realm, it should be noted that Avon approximates â€Å"70 percent of the company’s revenues come from selling its products in international markets† (Deresky, 2010, p. 376). A second important factor that would need to be considered for developing a competitive IHR plan for the company would be to ensure a â€Å"brand identity† existed or could be created in China if it was not present as of theat the time Avon was planning to venture into the country. A brand identity, as defined by Investopedia is â€Å"how a business wants a brand’s name, communication style, logo and other visual elements to be perceived by consumers† (Brand Identity, 2014)). It would be obvious to state that Avon should begin to compare and contrast the brand identity of other major personal hygiene and makeup companies that have previously set up shop in China. Evaluating Estee Lauder and L’Oreal, for example could prove to provide fruitful information on which types of marketing and advertising campaigns may or may not work in global China. While major companies such as these have previously completed the leg work in customer recruiting, Avon could gain much advantagesmany advantages from reviewing these strategies and applying some to their market model within China. Avon would also need to immediately define the knowledge and skill set models that managers and sales personnel would need to have in order to be successful in this major foreign market. Working in a country such as China will be much different in many cultural areas as compared to operating within America. Cultural sensitivity issues should be highlighted, as well as motivational factors of what might energize customers to purchase Avon’s products. Perhaps time sensitivity issues could be a point of training for managers and sales representatives as well. Questions such as how much time should be spent on trying to convince a customer to purchase products or when is a good time of day to try and sell to customers should be analyzed as well.? All of these  issues should be strategized and should be provided as in-depth training to employees and managers alike before deploying teams of representatives into the streets of China. It will be equally important, when developing a competitive IHR plan to ensure employees are consistently referring back to Avon’s five values and principles, which include â€Å"trust, respect, belief, humility, and integrity† (Deresky, 2010, p. 377). Having the ability to reach back to these core values and principles, sales representatives will succeed by remembering the values and traditions that helped to make Avon successful in other countries. 6. What is the role of IT in Avon’s markets, in particular in developing areas? What are the implications for training its representatives? â€Å"The new information technology†¦ internet and email†¦ have practically eliminated the physical cost of communications† (Karlgaard, 2004). Business activities and marketing activities cannot be realized without the use of information technology, marketing managers cannot make quality decisions, and marketing strategies cannot be designed and cannot be oriented business policies. Therefore in the modern enterprises all important managerial positions must be connected to computer networks and use information technology. The evolution of e-marketing has enabled Avon to include all its marketing activities online and has enabled them to contact their customers quickly and easily in order to meet their needs, wishes and requirements. This has helped Avon to maintain a long relationship with their customers, and fulfill their needs, and increase their loyalty toward the products of the organization. Furthermore, the availability of a great amount of information with in short period of time can be obtained at an instant through the use of information technology. In business, information is the most precious commodity in the market. A pPlethora of information can be acquired through electronic and communication media by using computers, information technology and information systemthrough information systems. Hence it is very resourceful to enterprises and therefore Avon is as well taking an advantage to gather the necessary data on the market about customers, their needs and habits and process data in to information. Consequently, usage of information. Information technology also helps Avon  to lower down their costs, proper time managementimprove efficiency, producing produce quality products, and advancing advance the company’s innovation. This is contributed all is due to the consumer information collected that provides the knowledge on consumer behavior that which helps the company reducing reduce uncertainties for marketing decision making and thereby assist in price settings, promotions, selection of target market as well as sales channels. The biggest strength of iInformation tTechnology is the ability to grow fast inquickly grow in developing markets. Avon use utilizes information technology for its training practices to its employeesemployee training programs. Instead of gathering all every representative in the office, Avon can upload training seminars videos online so that the employees can carry out training while they are home. â€Å"The company’s distribution strategies may have to be adopted to the local needs because of working women or other cultural and logistical considerations and include mail, phone, fax, retail outlets, and Web sites† (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). Therefore, UsageThe usage of technology in marketing has enabled Avon to grow rapidly and has led to marketing development through networks. It has ; it as well also enabled rapid and efficient communication, transfer of information over distance, creation of virtual organizations, shipment of goods, and direct payment via internet a nd so onas well as many others. All these element of new form of business that e-business have been easily adopted due to the actions of the company activities surrounding and marketing conditions in order to meet better customers’ needs and requirements. It is now essential method for Avon to control its operations. In conclusion, the iInformation tTechnology strengths of Avon allows Avon the company to have communication and information access on the fly anywhere in the world at a low cost. The IT infrastructure also allows the Avon team to quickly train the local Salesforce sales force and process orders with very low cool down. The implication of training representative in development areas, such strategy allows to bring Avon’s products straight to the consumer. The new representatives help Avon to organize orders, distribute orders, promote products and therefore create a strongstrong brand name recognition worldwide. 7. What do you think are Avon’s prospects in India, given that the per capita spending on beauty there is only $1, compared to between $100 and $200 in developed markets? Avon’s prospects in India look to be positive. India is one of the largest growing markets besides China, and they have a very large population when compared to other major counties such as Japan, United Kingdom, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. With the huge population in India, there are more than 370 million women between the ages of 15-64, which indicates a high customer base (Deresky, 2010, p. 379). The population in India is also growing at about a 1.3% each year. When compared to Singapore’s per capita spending, India has bright prospects despite their low per capita spending because of their. This is due to their huge population. Another reason India looks like a positive prospect is due to the untapped market, which can drive long-term growth. The company launched new anti-aging products aiming to reach 93% of the country’s population by 2015. The Avon also planplans to launch personal grooming products for men, which is another unta pped market. References Brand Identity. (2014). Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brand-identity.asp Deresky, H. (2010). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Text and Cases (7th ed.). Prentice Hall. Karlgaard, R. (2004, November 19). Peter Drucker On Leadership. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/2004/11/19/cz_rk_1119drucker.html